Rimsha ED, Kirkutis AA. Kardiologiia 1984 Dec;24(12):22-7. Possibilities of improving the efficacy of the trans-esophageal ventricular electrostimulation were studied in 22 patients with pacemaker weakness, the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, transverse block and other disorders of the rhythm and conductivity of the heart. It has been shown that the amplitude of impulses in trans-esophageal ventricular electrostimulation may be decreased on the average to 32.36 +/- 1.37 V with the help of a specially-designed electrode, the optimal positioning of its cathode contact in the esophagus and the lengthening of electrical impulses. Trans-esophageal electrostimulation of the ventricles broadens the possibilities of the noninvasive electrophysiological examination and the treatment of complicated disturbances of the cardiac rhythm and conductivity.